It is possible to identify, nowadays in Brazil, a considerable production of academic research about dance being development in many areas. Thus, some preliminary questions arise: which are the main characteristics of that production? What is the theoretical and methodological background? Who are subjects involved in the production? What environments and circulation possibilities belong to this space?

From such questions, we propose a theoretical approach aiming to enable the study of the production of academic knowledge about dance, in a discussion that tackles both the resulting products and the underlying production methods. This way, the concept of field formulated by sociologist Pierre Bourdieu will be presented: from the perspective of constituting a useful analysis system of the social practices that make up what we call dance academic field.

A field is defined as a social arena of a consolidated game, where a dispute for the monopoly of a “common capital” occurs, built within a system of objective relationships between acquired positions and their agents. A field is established in a continuous and dynamic process of dispute for the acquisition of an authority, defined inseparably both as technical-intellectual capacity and as social power.

The recognition amongst peers-competitor is related to a construction of reality and tends to establish a gnoseologic order. Thus, the truth within a field is always partial and circumstantial, relating to the positions of the agents recognized as authority in a given moment. The conflicts are simultaneously and inextricably political and intellectual and the epistemological aspects are not separated from the social relationships.

To reflect upon the dance academic production from this perspective is an attempt to understand such production as social practice and its environment as a field going through the process of development. As an example, we will briefly analyze the production of thesis and dissertations about dance in Brazil[1].

Between 1987 and 2006, 111 thesis and 553 dissertations about dance were produced, there was a considerable annual increase, mainly after the mid 1990’s. This indicates a progressive accumulation of specific symbolic capital with a process of specialization of the agents who, according to Bourdieu, must be comprehended within its context: from a historical perspective, the research of dance is a very recent practice and has few specimens, in such a way that it is still not possible to talk about a tradition of academic dance knowledge in Brazil. Such realization points to a process of field development in a relatively initial stage, with a tendency to intensification.

It is also noted that the production is extended to the entire national territory, but is concentrated in some geographical areas and states – almost half the works are originated in São Paulo, for example. Such factors could be investigated, in order to identify interests and motivations of the agents situated in each region, their organizational capacity, demands due to market disputes and other local pressures associated to historical and socio-economical aspects. We emphasize the characteristic of non-uniformity of the conditions for the development of academic knowledge of dance, an asymmetry inherent to the field that is directly linked to its products. Consequently, there is a scattering of the works with the development of some production focuses that are topographically located.

Concerning the production environments, it is possible to identify sixty higher education institutions and eighty nine post-graduate dance research programs. Considering the positions occupied by the agents are related to their products, the epistemological tendencies develop as negotiation between their world-view and such environments. This means that: (i) the development of academic knowledge of dance is not limited to programs with one specific profile; (ii) knowledge develops in an absolutely diversified way in relation to other areas. In other words, added to the physical scattering of thesis and dissertations is the theoretical and methodological diversity, which qualifies this knowledge production as interdisciplinary.

The multiplicity of perspectives of the knowledge production in the field establishes a demand for these products to be publicly confronted. In other words, the importance of mechanisms that foment the circulation and consumption of the results of the researches is stressed, stimulating the development of the knowledge produced and the specialization of the agents of disputes for the establishment of positions and the recognition of authorities, as well as the development of other cooperative patterns of knowledge production.

The study indicates that the concept is pretty fertile to reflect upon the production of dance knowledge. We believe that this initiative can be further developed and we suggest it could be interesting to discuss the constitution of the field from the perspective of the involved agents, or of the symbolic dispute process. The debate about the recognition of dance as an area of knowledge could be widely explored: according to Bourdieu’s contributions, although determining the separation of the areas could seem as a merely political-pragmatic, it possesses epistemological criteria based on the degree of consolidation of the field.

[1]The data is taken from the Mapping of Academic Dance Research in Brazil, made during the author’s Masters research (2006-2008), the source was Capes Thesis and Dissertation Database and the operational mechanism was the search of the term “dance” in titles, abstracts and keywords.

References:
AQUINO, Rita. A constituição do campo acadêmico da dança no Brasil. 2008. 146f. Mestrado em Dança – Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, 2008.

BOURDIEU, Pierre. O poder simbólico. Lisboa: Difel e Bertrand Brasil, 1989.

BOURDIEU, Pierre. Razões Práticas: sobre a teoria da ação. Campinas: Papirus, 1996.

SOCIOLOGIE – MAGAZINE DE L’HOMME MODERNE
Available here.  Accessed June 20, 2008.