Osaka, 2008 / Foto: Letícia Sekito

I don’t remember exactly the first time I heard about Butoh, but I remember having a little image in head about it as something that was strange, mysterious, subversive and Japanese.

Unlike many Brazilians, I heard about Butoh dance first and about Kazuo later. Here in Brazil, Kazuo Ohno, Butoh and modern Japanese dance are things that are often mixed up or mixed together. That´s why I became aware of it slowly.

Around 1996/1997, I had just returned from my dance training in Lisbon, in the studio currently known as C.E.M. – Centro em Movimento, which was directed by Sofia Neuparth. That´s when I started performing small solos and I was surprised by certain reactions from the audience: “Do you do Butoh?”, “Your hand gestures look like Japanese dance…”, “There is something in your movement that reminds me of Butoh. Is it Butoh?”. And that was very strange for me.

I always answered that I had never really done Butoh and I worked with contemporary dance, improvisation. Today, the only thing I can say is that my dear teacher, artist Peter Michale Dietz (with whom I studied for five years in Lisbon) was – among other things – part of DanceLab, a Danish company that worked with a Butoh approach. But I must say, in the end of the 90’s, I didn´t even know exactly what Butoh was and it was so vivid in the imagination of artists in Brazil. It started to bother me and I realized I had to get closer to Butoh to find out why there were people who saw a connection with my dance.

I was lucky. In 1997, I met Kazuo Ohno. It was kind of a surprise. To be more accurate, I met Kazuo amidst a frenzy of people waiting to meet him for a workshop and show at SESC Consolação, in São Paulo.

I must say I was pretty skeptic and suspicious with all that commotion and worship surrounding an artist most people hadn´t even seen. I asked myself: do all these people really know Kazuo’s work? Had they really been with him? Or was this just the power of the “fame preceding experience” phenomenon? Or was this rapture due to the exotic quality of an artist coming from Japan, a distant land already revered by the West, an artist who makes a different dance, “fresh” for our tourist eyes?

The workshop was odd. I felt so close and yet so distant from Ohno san. I think on one hand, I felt a little like ‘a part of a whole’, because there was a mixed feeling of fascination, respect and pre-conceived ideas in the room and that baffled me a little. On the other hand, it was complicated to receive some instructions mediated by Ohno to his son Yoshito Ohno, from his son to the translator and finally from the translator to the many of us in the room. Not to mention the workshop was very, vey short. We worked in very simple way, exploring images/metaphors, feelings of the body for movement, imagination, improvisation. I remember the image of a flower blossoming. Very simple. Nothing too revealing. Calm. Simple.

But at night, the theater was packed, the audience waiting, the time for Kazuo’s presentation, always followed by his son Yoshito.

Change.

The moment I saw him dancing, I could really feel and get to know the other Kazuo, the artist. His presence changed the place, the presence of most people materially changed, at least those who were drawn and involved by his sincere, strong and loving energy.

Kazuo vibrated in a different syntony, in which the expression of people, art, communication and full existence materialized in a sincere and beautiful dance. And there was much more. My words seem pathetic when I try to describe that dance or the artist. The presentation was neither “grandiose” nor spectacular in the sense we usually give to a scenic event, but it was incredibly powerful. Something that makes a difference in the world.

I could stop here. But other Kazuos were revealed over time. My, our time. And the odd thing is that I got to know the other Kazuos here in São Paulo, far from Japan, at SESC São Paulo, or some other event related to Butoh and, above all, through the research of professor Christine Greiner and Centro de Estudos Orientais (“Western Studies Center”). It helped me open paths for new questions, new enjoyments and enriching views about: the Japanese body, Butoh, Kazuo himself and Tatsumi Hijkata, Min Tanaka and other artists who were part of this movement connected to cinema and theater, photography (Eikoh Hosoe), literature and poetry. Above all, it brought a reflection about cultural-artistic, social-political context of Butoh in Brazil and the world.

Not only me, but several other people learned and will learn about yet another Kazuo: the Memorable Kazuo, the one documented through video and photographic records and accounts from artists, people close to him, students and admirers, not to mention the digital world, in his studio’s website, on Youtube and at idança, for instance.

But there is one Kazuo that is more present recently and that scares me a lot more than it surprises me.

It´s the “Kazuo Ohno-Seal of Guarantee”, which is a partner to “Butoh-Seal of Guarantee”. This is recent, but with Kazuo’s passing, we must pay very close attention to how his name is and will be mentioned, used and broadcast.

Now, more than ever, he is a seal of guarantee, he is a brand.

We can see a lot of that around. On Youtube, on artistic CVs, in projects of people who took a one-day, one-week or a one-month workshop and say they danced with Kazuo Ohno. Or those who make slow, spastic, “suffering” movements, those who dance life/death, the uterus/the mother/nature and give in to reverie and “internal impulses and because of that they say: I make Butoh. And if they are lucky to look Asian, then it´s totally guaranteed. “Is it Kazuo, is it Butoh, is it avant-guard? You can buy it.”

There is a lot of haziness right now.

How about we take it easy?

Butoh was an avant-guard artistic movement. It emerged in a very specific context, in post-war Tokyo, in the 1950’s and it involved artists of dance, theater, performance, cinema, literature and visual arts. The repercussion of the movement was very strong, but unpleasant in Japan. In order not to starve or take care of their health many artists immigrated to the West, where Butoh was strongly acknowledged. The artists adapted and reinvented themselves in foreign lands.

Changes.

Another moment fo Butoh. The artists changed.

But the West is still not tired of labeling Japanese dancers as “Butoh dancers”, even those artists who don´t see themselves as such.

Now Butoh has its pioneers gone. And now we have “Kazuo Ohno-Seal of Guarantee” or as I have heard, Kazuo Ohno – “a brand”.

How is Butoh currently configured?

Is it possible to make Butoh nowadays?

Which Butoh are we talking about?

Kazuo Ohno wasn´t interested in developing a learning system for his Butoh. He generously shared his life and art experience with whoever wished to participate in his free open classes. He didn´t think about “teaching Butoh” to anyone and he didn´t leave us a method of his, as Hijikata did for his “Butoh-kabuki, (…) a possible teaching and training method”. Maybe we have to settle with valuable traces. The fortunate ones who saw Kazuo on stage will keep in their bodies the memories of a beautiful Kazuo.

Maybe the name of the event “Remains of Butoh”, which happened in 2004 at SESC Consolação, may give us a hint about the future of Butoh. And maybe it´s not interesting to keep looking for ‘Butoh makers’, of the ‘heirs of Kazuo Ohno’s Butoh’ (Yikes!)

In a very interesting conversation with researcher Christine Greiner, I questioned the way we look at Butoh nowadays, since we know it´s not by copying the slow movements concentrating internal energy or painting the body white and dealing with issues of death and life, “dancing a flower or a stone”, copying “Butoh aesthetics” to make Butoh.

What is left for us today?

Memories, traces, translations, approximations, conversations?!…

Maybe we could observe artistic works that can dialogue, connect, be touched by the issue of the “body in crisis”. But wanting to be, to make, to have Butoh in their dance? Maybe that is a big mistake to be avoided.

Ackowlegding the loss is a difficult moment.

Letícia Sekito is the director and a dancer at Companhia Flutuante. She works with improvisation, choreographic creation and performance. She was trained at C.E.M – Centro em Movimento, Lisbon (90-96). She is interested in the relationship between body, culture and dance. She is part of the Western Studies Center, which is coordinated by Christine Greiner, and of the Dance Studies Center, coordinated by Helena Katz.

Read also: Kazuo Ohno dies

Butoh gallery